All commercial buildings are not created equal. This is evident upon inspection of multiple factors; location, allocated parking, quality of construction, and amenities provided, just to name a few. But one of the most overlooked aspects of a building’s value to the tenant is the efficiency of that particular building when compared to another. This efficiency is in relation to the ratio of the space the tenant actually leases within their four walls (the usable square footage) and the amount of space attributed to all common areas of the building including the lobby, hallways, restrooms, common conference rooms, common kitchen areas, interior break areas, work out buildings, showers/lockers, phone and electrical rooms, and any other common use area that, when added to the usable square footage, makes up the rentable square footage. This ratio is called the building “core factor” (also referred to as “load factor”, “loss factor”, or “add-on factor”). Landlords are ensured of receiving income on this common space so it is distributed to each tenant as an “add on” to their usable square footage that then totals the tenant’s rentable square footage and this is what the rent is based on. The difference in a building’s efficiency and therefor the core factor can quickly offset a lower base rent per square foot that building may have over another. Core factors can vary by as much as 10% to 15% and many times they are “artificial” as in, implemented by the landlord with no confirmation. This becomes a marketing ploy, to offer a lower rent when, in reality, the end result is substantially more than other competing buildings with greater efficiency. We find that in many cases tenants, who have existed under leases for many years, still don’t understand this issue today.
Buildings calculate all space that is constructed as gross square footage. The standard of commercial property measurement (“BOMA”) then requires that all vertical penetrations (stairwells and elevator shafts) be deducted from the gross square footage and the remaining square footage is the rentable square footage. When a company negotiates a lease on commercial space, they are occupying the usable square footage which is the square footage within their four walls but paying for the rentable square footage, including their share of the common areas referenced above.
Understanding core factors translates directly to the bottom line. Since building costs are typically near the top of the expense list, the savings can be dramatic in comparison to other expenses. Pay attention to the core factor. The example below puts numbers to the story:
XYZ Company needs 30,000 square feet of usable space to operate their business and is evaluating two opportunities. Building A has a core factor of 19% (1.19) and Building B has a core factor of 11% (1.11). Both buildings are offering the same rental rate, say $2.00 per rentable square foot. In this scenario, XYZ Company has a choice of leasing 35,700 rentable square feet in Building A, at a monthly rent of $71,400, or leasing a more efficient 33,300 rentable square feet in Building B, at a monthly rent of $66,600 per month. Calculating the difference in XYZ Company’s rental costs, they will save $288,000 over a five year lease term if they locate in Building B for the same amount of usable square footage.
This is one of many pitfalls that can be costly if not known by companies leasing commercial space. Don’t get caught paying more than you should. Hire a broker to help you. It doesn’t cost you a dime but the savings can be extraordinary.